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Nucleotide Mismatch Repair in Eukaryotes - Nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes involves a large number of genes. The mechanisms of nucleotide excision repair appear to be quite similar in eukaryotes and bacteria, with bimodal incision followed by excision and resynthesis.

The repair patch following nucleotide excision repair in humans is slightly longer than that in E.coli (30 nt) and is confusingly termed long patch repair, to distinguish it from the 1-2 nucleotide short patch repair which occurs in base excision repair. In eukaryotes, transcription and repair are linked especially for nucleotide excision repair.

 

The basis of this link is the general transcription factor TFIIH, which forms an essential part of both the basal transcriptional apparatus of the cell and the complex of repair proteins, the repairosome.

In the transcription complex, the TFIIH core is associated with a cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whereas in repair, it is associated with other repair proteins. Hence, repair is preferentially directed to the transcribed strand of actively transcribed gene (transcription coupled repair) and is more active when transcription is in process (transcription dependent repair).
After DNA polymerase III skips past a lesion such as a thymine dimer, the cell fills in the gap without using template information for complementarity. The site will contain mutations, but at least the integrity of the double helix will be maintained.

 
   
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