Ex-Vivo Gene Transfer in Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Genetic Alteration of Cancer Cells, Microglobulin, Fibroblasts, Retroviral Vector, Brain Tumour

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	Ex-vivo gene transfer in bone marrow stem cells Gene therapy in cancer patients is also used for protecting hematopoietic stem cells from the toxic effects of chemotherapy. Gene conferring multidrug resistance (MDR-1) has been used for this purpose. Bone marrow cells with MDR-1. when injected, have been shown to protect stem cells in vivo. In situ genetic alteration of cancer cells Both liposome mediated and retrovirus mediated gene transfer has been attempted to modify tumour cells in situ. Genes for antigens like HLA-B7 and β2-microglobulin have been transferred through liposome and expressed on cell surface inducing immune reaction against tumour cells.
Fibroblasts, that produce retrovirus vector (also called retroviral vector producer cells or VPCs) have also been directly injected into growing brain tumours, for retrovirus mediated transfer of HSVtk gene. In animal models, and human patients, this led to complete tumour destruction in 80% of animals. In vivo retrovirus mediated transfer of p53 tumours suppressor gene, or antisense K-RAS gene or g-interferon gene have also been tried for some kind of lung cancers in humans.