Biosafety Physical Containments, Containment Equipments, Operational Procedures, Nonpathogenic Organisms

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	Biosafety Physical Containments - Physical containment consists of the use of special laboratory design, containment equipments and special operational procedures to restrict the number of organisms accidentally released during normal laboratory operations and to prevent contamination or infection of laboratory workers. Physical containment is grouped into four categories, viz., BLI (Biosafety Level 1), BL2, BL3 and BL4, respectively. BLI is applicable to while BL4 represents the most stringent containment levnonpathogenic organisms,el.
As the biosafety level increases, the laboratory design and facilities, and the operational procedures become more and more rigid and stringent so as to minimise the risk of accidental release of the GMOs as well as infection of laboratory workers. The guidelines provide a detailed description of the laboratory design, equipments, etc. for the various biosafety levels. Emphasis is placed on primary physical containment, which is provided by laboratory practices and containment equipment. Special laboratory design provides secondary physical containment for protection against accidental release of organisms into the environment; it is used where experiments of moderate to high potential hazard are performed. Several different combinations of laboratory practices, containment equipment and special laboratory design may be appropriate for containment of specific research activities.