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Biodegradation of Pollutants - Biological treatment of effluents is a long established practice in many countries, but some constituents of these effluents are calcitrants and are thus not amenable to conventional treatments. Biotechnology helps in overcoming this problem.

Following examples will illustrate the use of biotechnology in biodegradation of pollutants :

(i) In USA a compy BioTechica is using lignin degradation, for treatment of substances like polychlorinated biphenyls. (PCBs) and dioxin.

(ii) In Europe, companies like ICI and Ciba-Geigy are working on enzymatic detoxification to break down substances such as cyanides and also the byproducts from the synthesis of S-triazine herbicides.

(iii) Microbial transformation of biarylethers, cyclic biarylethers, bialylketones, halogenated bibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are used to avoid the problem of release of effluents with pollutants.

For instance, Pseudomonas strains have been isolated, which selectively deoxygcnate the 1,2 positions of substituted biaryethers and biarylketones (e.g. biphenylether, xanthcne, dibeozofuran, dibenzo-p dioxin).

(iv) Microbial degradation of chloro-, dichloro- and trichloromethanes and carbontftra chloride is also used to dea1 with the problem.