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Treatment of Distillery Effluents - The distillery effluent docs not contain toxic substances but has high oxygen demand and is therefore, harmful. It consists of two components:

(i) spent wash, containing 9-10% solids, 80,000- 90,000 ppm C.O.D. and 40,000-60,000 ppm B.O.D.;

(ii) fermentation sludge (0.3 kg per kilo litre of rectified spirit produced) with 25-30% solids and 100,000-125,000 ppm B.O.D. (B.O.D. = biological oxygen demand: C.O.D. = chemical oxygen demand).

The disposal of these two wastes into land or water is a great environmental hazard. The standard laid down by the Government of India for disposal are 100 ppm B.O.D. for land disposal and 30 ppm for disposal in natural water streams.