Viral Pesticides, Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis, Baculoviruses, Tomopathogenic Viruses, Biofertilizers, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses

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	Viral Pesticides -Viral pesticides have also been successfully developed and used for the control of pests. These pesticides are environmentally safe and avoid risk of toxicity. These pesticides can also be used against the pest strains which have become resistant to chemical pesticides tomopathogenic viruses (viruses which can cause infection to insects) belonging to the family Baculoviridae (baculoviruses or nuclear polyhedrosis viruses = NPV) and family Reoviridae (cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses or 'CPVs ) have been used as safe and effective pesticides.
These viruses kill specific pest species and have no adverse effects on useful insect pollinators, insects yielding useful products, parasites or predators, warm blooded mammals or even man. They are safe even in large scale spray operations. However, large scale production of these viruses demands either a living host or its cells for multiplication. Virus infects and kills host (pest) by gaining entry through mouth into the digestive tract. Some of these enteropathogenic viruses, which arc used as pesticides. Biofertilizers:Biofertilizers are also being used to decrease the cost of fertilizer application and to reduce the environmental hazards caused by chemical fertilizers. A detailed account of biofertilizers is available.