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In situ conservation
This type of conservation applies only to wild fauna and flora and not to the domesticated animals and plants, because conservation is achieved by protection of populations in nature. It includes a system of protected areas of different categories, e.g. National Parks, Sanctuaries, Nature Reserves, Natural Monuments, Cultural Landscapes, Biosphere Reserves, etc.

In situ conservation of forest trees. Efforts are being planned by COIAR’s latest international agricultural research centre, CIFOR (Centre for International Forestry. Research to conduct research for in situ conservation of forest trees. It is argued that although the tropical foresters often reserve forest areas against other land uses, thl1se have been used for multiple purposes (for water catchment, protection of mammals or birds, etc.). Therefore, CIFOR will conduct research and find more rational location for in. situ reserves for the conservation of woody plants germplasm. This work will be done in close collaboration with IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), and the national institutes in developing countries.