International Undertaking Plant Genetic Resources, Global System,Commission Plant Genetic Resources, FAO Global System, Farmers, Plant Breeders Rights

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Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity and its Conservation Introduction
Current Levels of Biodiversity
Alpha (α) and Beta(β) Biodiversity
Extinction and Endangered Species
Reasons of Concern for Loss of Biodiversity
Ethical and Aesthetic Rewards
Economic Benefits
Essential Services Provided by Natural Ecosystems
Steps to Preserve Biodiversity
In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Gene Banks
In Situ Conservation
Ex Situ Conservation
Ex Situ Conservation Efforts at International Level
Ex Situ Conservation Efforts by G-15 Countries
Ex Situ Conservation Efforts in USA

	International Undertaking on PGR (IUPGR) and Global System of PGR (GSPGR) Efforts have been underway for sometime to internationally codify the access to, and the use of, plant genetic resources. In 1983, FAO established the 'International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources'. It was adopted by member countries of F AO as a nonbinding agreement to promote conservation, exchange and use of PGRF A. 'Commission on Plant Genetic Resources (CPGR)' (later renamed as Commisssion on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture or CGRFA) of FAO administers this undertaking.
IUPGR initially envisaged free flow of genetic material to stop the rapid uncontrolled gene erosion, but was later revised to allow for plant breeders rights (PBRs) and sovereign rights of individual countries on their plant genetic resources. 'FAO Global System of Plant Genetic Resources' was also developed in 1983, to promote the conservation, equitable and sustainable use and unrestricted availability of plants of agricultural value for current and future use. The present system available as above for collection, conservation and use of PGRFA has undergone revision in recent years and is currently evolving in the light of the provisions of CBD. For instance, in May 1992, CGIAR unanimously adopted a 'Working Document', which recognized 'farmers' rights' and recommended adoption of a policy to ensure the share of developing countries in the financial benefits obtained by the private sector from commercializing genetic material supplied by developing countries through IARCs the IARCs will supply materials freely to any recipient with this condition of sharing the benefits on terms to be mutually agreed upon between the donor country to get the compensation directly from the receiver.