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Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of biological treatment systems to destroy or reduce the concentration of hazardous wastes from a contaminated site. Such system involve the use of microbes or higher plants, which are efficient in removing or destroying the hazardous wastes. These microbes and higher plants can also be variously modified through genetic engineering to become efficient and suitable for bioremediation. The use of higher plants for bioremediation has also been described as Phytoremediation, which has also become an important area of biotechnology research.

These bioremediation systems (including Phytoremediation) have a variety of applications including the clean-up of ground water, soils, lagoons, sludges, and process water streams. One of the important examples of large scale successful applications of bioremediation is the shore-line clea-up efforts in Alaska, where in 1989, an environmental hazard resulted from a large oil-spill. This led to a clean-up operation covering 70 miles of shore-line. There are numerous other successful applications of bioremediation including clean-up of pollution due to chemical spills.