Several approaches that are currently used for treating soils contaminated with toxic metals and explosives include the following: (i) Land filling involving excavation, transport and deposition of contaminated soil in a permitted wasteland; (ii) fixation, involving the chemical processing of soild to immobilize the metals, and (iii) leaching, involving the use of acid solution or other leachants to desorb and leach metals from soils, followed by the return of clean soil reside to the site. These approaches are, however, expensive costing in USA alone at least $7 billion for heavy metals (the total cost to clean all hazardous wastes in USA is at least $400 billion). Therefore, alternatives to conventional remediation methods (including microbial bioremediation discussed earlier) are being sought.