(ii) In Europe, companies like ICI and Ciba-Geigy are working on enzymatic detoxification to breakdown substances such as cyanides and also the by-products from synthesis of S-triazine herbicides.
(iii) Microbial transformation of biarylethers, cyclic biarylketones, halogenated bibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans is used to avoid the problem of release of effluents with pollutants. For instance, Pseudomonas strains have been isolated, which selectively deoxygenate the 1,2 positions of substituted biarylethers and biarylketones (e.g. biphenyl-ether, xanthene, dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin).
(iv) Microbial degradation of monochloro-dichloro- and trichloromethanes and carbon tetrachloride is also used to deal with the problem.