Membrane Reactors
A membrane reactor uses a membrane, e.g., dialysis membrane, to contain the enzyme in a chamber into which the substrate moves and the product moves out. Generally, membrane reactors use a hollow fiber of 200 /lm diameter with 50 /lm thick membranes.

Each reactor contains hundreds of such fibers into which the enzyme is retained; usually these reactors use soluble enzymes. The substrate is kept in the main chamber of the reactor. These reactors can also be used in a continuous mode and the substrate flow rate is adjusted to achieve the desired level of reaction.