Ribozymes, RNA Molecules, DNA Molecules, Genetic Material, Cleavage of RNA, Cleavage of DNA, Primary Biological Catalysts, Genetic Material

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Home >> Enzyme Technology >> Ribozymes

	Ribozymes - RNA molecules that have the capability of catalysing chemical reactions are called rhizomes. Ribozymes are true catalysts in that they enhance the rate of chemical reactions without any net change to themselves. They are capable of turnover, i.e., recycling, and show kinetics typical of enzymes. Ribozymes are known to catalyze reactions like cleavage of RNA, cleavage of DNA, etc. Ribozymes are able to cut and splice themselves into a form that can catalyze the cleavage of other RNA/DNA molecules
The catalytic ability of ribozymes arises due to their three-dimensional structures, which is able to generate in them the substrate specific binding site. This is similar to enzymes in which the substrate specific binding site is produced by their three dimensional structure.Ribozymes offer exciting possibilities of varied, applications, e.g., in human, animal and plant disease control. It has been suggested that RNA was the first macromolecule on earth which catalyzed its own replication, and it subsequently developed other catalytic capabilities.
Much later, RNA acquired the ability to catalyze protein synthesis. In due course of time, proteins became the primary biological catalysts since they were capable of catalyzing a much larger variety of reactions more efficiently than ribozymes. The first DNA molecules are thought to have originated by reverse transcription of RNA molecules. Ultimately, DNA became the primary genetic material in view of its greater stability than RNA.

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