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Expression of Cloned Genes - Introduction - Once cloned, the DNA must be analyzed if it is to yield information regarding gene structure and function, and if biotechnological applications are to be considered.

The expression and integration of cloned genes can be analyzed with restriction enzyme analysis, DNA sequencing, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization etc.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and DNA fingerprinting techniques are widely used in gene mapping and identification of different systems.

RFLPs have especially increased the efficiency of mapping the quantitative trait loci.

New technologies such as ribozymes and gene tagging are promising in gene cloning. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a widely applicable tool in biology, agriculture and medicine and may be replaced with a new method called ligase chain reaction (LCR).

Analysis of molecular markers can accomplish the characterization, gene mapping and identification, certification, and patent protection of products.