Description

The substrates

1. Wood,
2. Crop species,
3. Energy crops.
4. Organic wastes, e.g., refuge, sewage, etc.,
5. Hydrocarbons

Conversion processes

1. Thermochemical: (a) Gasification, (b) Pyrolysis
2. Direct combustion (heat is generated)
3. Biological: (a) anaerobic digestion (gives CH4), (b) Fermentation (ethanol, butanol)

Fuels obtained

1. Thermochemical: (a) Charcoal, (b) Synthesis gas
2. Biological: (a) Methane, (b) Ethanol, (c) Butanol (d) Biodiesel

Mode of use

1. Steam engines (direct combustion)
2. Internal combustion engines (CH4, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel)
3. Production of heat, e.g., cooking, heating, etc.
4. Generation of electricity (from biogas)

Power generated

1. Mechanical, 2. Electrical, 3. Heat.