Incubation of Dry Seeds, Embroys, Tissues OR Cells in DNA - Incubation of dry seeds, embryos, tissues or cells in known DNA (viral or non viral having defined marker genes) has been tried in many cases and expression of defined genes has been witnessed.

However, in no case proof of integrative transformation could be available. In all these cases, plant cell walls not only work as efficient barriers, but are also efficient traps for DNA molecules.

It would be very surprising if DNA can cross cell walls efficiently without permeabilizing them either by PEG, or by electroporation or by any other device