Vectors for Gene Transfer - The common features of vectors used for transformation of eukaryotic cells. Most vectors carry marker genes, which allow recognition of transformed cells (other cells die due to the action of an antibiotic or herbicide) and are described as selectable markers. Among these marker genes, the most common selectable marker is npt II, providing kanamycin resistance.

Other common features of suitable transformation vector include the following:

(i) multiple unique restriction sites (a synthetic polylinker);

(ii) bacterial origins of replication (e.g. ColE1).