Primary and Secondary Libraries for Antibody Genes,Universal Primers,PCR.V Genes,Lymphocytes,Monoclonal Antibodies

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	Primary and Secondary Libraries for Antibody Genes - In this method a repertoire of antibody genes can be prepared by using genes that can be obtained from a number of different sources including the following (i) rearranged V genes from animals obtained through the use of PCR (with universal primers) (ii) new V genes obtained through gene conversion, a process adopted in birds (iii) rearranged genes obtained from mRNA through reverse transcription
(iv) designing entirely new V genes or D segments. The next step is to allow the expression of library in bacteria and screen antibodies for antigen binding activities. The screening can be done on membrane filters coated with antigen. In future, the screening procedures may be replaced by methods of selection. In either case the selected VH and VL genes can be subjected to mutations to increase the affinity of an antibody for a specific antigen. A variety of methods for the above strategy are being developed, so that in future monoclonal antibodies will be produced without hybridomas and lymphocytes