| Stage |
Medium Constituents |
| Storage of spores |
Buffered salt, or glucose (10-20%), or glycerol (10-20%) solution |
| Growth and sporulation |
Carbohydrate (0.5-2%), N-source (0.2-1 %), chalk (0-1 %), NaCi (0-0.5%), phosphate (0-1 %), various salts, solid support (e.g., rice, perlite, agar, etc.) |
| Spore recovery from solid surface |
Water/buffer solution; usually a surfactant is used |
| Shaker-flask testing |
Lactose (5-8%), csL* (5-8%), chalk (0-1.6%), ammonium sulphate (0-0.5%), phenylacetic acid (added daily) |
| Seed-stage fermenter (growth medium) |
Sugar (glucose, sucrose or lactose; 3-5%), Pharmamedia (2-5%), and/or CSL (3-5%), chalk (0-1 %), phosphate (0-1 %), ammonium sulphate (0-0.5%), edible oil (0-0.5%) |
| Final stage fermenter (production medium)** |
Sugar (5-10%), CSL (5-9%) and/or Pharmamedia (35%), chalk (0-1 %), ammonium sulphate (0-1 %), phosphate (0-0.5%), edible oil (0.3-0.8%), phenylacetic acid/ phenoxyacetic acid (0.3-0.6%) |
