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Identification of Disease Causing Microorganisms by Using Molecular Biotechnology Techniques - A disease can be caused by a battery of microorganisms. In conventional diagnostic practice, identification of the causative organisms would require cultivation of samples on a variety of different media in a variety of different ways like microscopy, animal cell culture and immunoassay.

These procedures are time consuming, cumbersome and disparate. This whole set of disparate test procedures can be replaced with a single technology called hybridization.

Clearly, hybridization of the test sample with a battery of probes is more simple and less time consuming.

Hybridization techniques can be used when the infectious agent is present in very low concentration and when the organism cannot be cultured. An important diagnostic tool is in situ hybridization for detecting viral pathogens present in the cell.Hybridization as a diagnostic tool is not restricted to clinical microbiology.

There are many applications in plant pathology, monitoring disease control methods and microbial ecology. The disadvantages of nucleic acid probes are that they can determine the presence of microorganisms but cannot tell whether it is dead or alive.