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Industrial Applications of Molecular Biotechnology - Recombinant DNA technology does not just offer novel methods for the generation of proteins, it also provides new ways of making low molecular weight compounds. A good example is the microbial synthesis of the blue dye indigo and the black pigment melanin. Neither of these compounds is normally produced by microbes.

The cloning of a single gene from Pseudomonas putida, that encodes naphthalene dioxygenase, results in the generation of an E. coli strain able to synthesize indigo in a medium containing tryptophan. Just as novel proteins can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques so too can novel small molecules.

The Streptomyces coelicolor gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of the isochromane quinone antibiotic was cloned into a variety of other Streptomyces spp. producing different isocheomane quinines. At least three new antibiotics were detected. Clearly, actinoradin, a novel metabolite present in the Streptomyces sp., is subjected to further or different modifications.

 Thus, a new class of antibiotics such as 2-norethyromycins A, B, C and D and isovaleyl spiramycin are synthesized. Biotechnology is going to be the next scientific revolution after the industrial revolution, which is going to change the lives and future of humankind on this earth.

The ability to manipulate genetic material to achieve specified outcomes in living organisms promises major changes in many aspects of modern life.