Cytogenetic Maps Using Molecular Markers,Cytogenetic Composition,Chromosomes,Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

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	Cytogenetic Maps Using Molecular Markers - The first step in mapping of chromosomes at the molecular level is 1 locate the markers on specific chromosomes. If linkage groups corresponding to individual chromosomes are available, then the molecular markers ml be assigned to these chromosome through study of linkage of avail a markers with molecular markers (RFLPs) already mapped. In other cases hybrid cell lines of known cytogenetic composition may be used. The hybrid cell lines often have full set of chromosomes from one rodent (Ii mouse) und only one known specific human chromosome, which t enables us to assign a marker or a protein encoding gene to a spec human chromosome.
This has allowed the construction of meiotic link, maps for each of the 23 human chromosomes. These maps have pro useful for locating genes for specific human diseases on specific link sites of individual chromosomes. In some cases, these maps also hell in the isolation of specific genes. Despite these advances, on the avail a maps, 1cM is equivalent to 1 mega base (Mb = 106bp) and in hybridization can not resolve less than several million base pairs. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is also being used but due to technique limitations, DNA sequences more than a few hundred kilobase pairs not be ordered. These techniques and some of the results achieved through these techniques will be discussed in this section.