Linkage Between Molecular and Phenotypic Markers,Genetic Marker,Restriction Sites,Molecular Markers,Morphologically

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	Linkage Between Molecular and Phenotypic Markers - A difference between two individuals, for a molecular marker can be used as a genetic marker in much the same way as any other phenotypic marker. The polymorphism at the molecular level may be due to presence or absence of a restriction site or due to a RAPD or due to difference in length of a microsatellite. Although, there may be linkage between a molecular marker and a phenotypic trait, the change in molecular map (restriction map) may not affect the phenotype.
In order to, study linkage relations between a molecular marker and a phenotypic marker, we may examine the restriction fragment patterns and the phenotypes of two parents that differ morphologically as well as for molecular markers. By making crosses between two such parents, we can estimate the recombination frequencies between molecular markers and phenotypic markers in F2 generation. A tight linkage of such a molecular marker with a disease may also be used for diagnosis of the disease. These, molecular markers are also recommended as tools, (i) for identification of cultivars in many of our crop plants, (ii) for selection of desirable plants during plant breeding, and (iii) for isolation of genes, so that these will be increasingly utilized in future.