Advantages and Limitations of Germplasm Storage,Pathogens,Nucleus

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	Advantages and Limitations of Germplasm Storage - The in vitro techniques for germplasm storage hold great promise for clonally propagated crops and for crops having recalcitrant/short-lived seems. The potential advantages of these techniques are as follows: (i) requirement of relatively very small space, (ii) storage of germplasm free from diseases, insects and other pathogens, and weeds, (iii) storage over long periods,
(iv) and reduced risk of errors in labelling, etc. In addition, (v) such materials are 'clean' sources of 'nucleus seed', and (vi) they are ideal for germplasm exchange. However, these approaches suffer from the following disadvantages: (i) sophisticated facilities are required (particularly for freeze preservation and DNA cloning), (ii) they demand a greater skill in handling and maintenance than the conventional techniques, and (iii) even shoot tip derived plants may show genetic instability, at least in some plant species.In addition, (iv) cells/tissues become damaged during cryopreservation, and (v) even DNA may become damaged due to cryopreservation under suboptimal conditions.