Continous Bioreactors - In such bioreactors, there is continuous inflow of fresh medium and outflow of used medium (with or without cells) during the entire incubation period. A spin filter bioreactor is a good example of continuous flow bioreactor; it has the following features.

(1) The central shaft of bioreactor houses a spinning, filter, which enables the removal of used medium, free of cells, through the shaft.

(2) A stirrer plate magnetically coupled to the central shaft provides continuous stirring; the spinning filter also stirs the culture.

(3) The culture is aerated by a sparger, which allows a wide range of aeration rates.

(4) A port is provided for addition of fresh medium, while