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Induction of Adventitious Buds,Bulbs and Protocorms - In many plant species, rapid clonal propagation is achieved by inducing adventitious buds, bulbs, protocorms, etc. For example, excised shoot-tips of most orchids, e.g., Cymbidium; Vanda, Cattleya, etc., produce round bodies similar to the protocorms formed by embryo during seed germination; these bodies are also called protocorms.

Each protocorm divides to yield several (up to a dozen; generally, 3-5) protocorms. Each protocorm may be cut into 4-6 pieces and subcultured; each piece again gives rise to several protocorms. In this manner, the protocorms can be multiplied indefinitely.

When protocorms are left as such without chopping, each protocorm gives rise to a complete plantlet on the same medium. This approach can yield over 106 orchid plants in one year from a single shoot-tip. The technique is widely used in orchid industry for micropropagation of both sympodial as well as monopodial orchids. But some orchids are not amenable to this approach.

Micropropagation of lily (Lilium longiflorum) is done by inducing bulb formation on cultured pieces of bulb scales. Generally, the basal half of each bulb scale is cut into about 6 pieces, and each scale produces an average of 18 bulbs lets in 4-6 weeks.

Thus a single bulb scale may yield about 100 bulblets, which is a very high multiplication rate. The outer bulb scales show high regeneration capacity, while inner scales show progressively lower potential. Each bulblet is separated and gives rise to a complete plant. A similar approach is applicable to Narcissus.

In many species, adventitious shoot buds are used for micropropagation. A shoot bud arising anywhere other than a leaf axil or the shoot-tip is called adventitious shoot bud. Adventitious shoot buds are produced in vivo in many plant species, e.g., Begonia leaves, Phlox roots, etc.; these are often used for convention, propagation of species like Begonia, Saintpaulia, etc.

But when leaf, stem or other explants of plants are cultured in vitro, a very large number of adventitious shoot buds develop. In Begonia, up to 1014 plants can be obtained in a year from a single 7 mm x 7 mm leaf explant. In grapes, fragmented shoot-tips have been used to induce adventitious shoot buds.

Each 1 mm shoot-tip is cut into 20 pieces, and each fragment may produce multiple shoots; upto- 8000 plants can be obtained from a single shoot-tip in about 4 months. It may be pointed out that even during axillary bud proliferation, some adventitious shoot buds would be formed in most plant species.
 

 
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