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Use of Organ Cultures for Improving Biochemical Production - In some cases, the secondary metabolites are synthesized in certain specialized cells, which may also serve as storage sites. These specialized cells are absent in callus and suspension cultures so that they are unable to produce the biochemicals in questions.

In such cases, organised structures possessing the specialized cells are grown in vitro for isolation of the biochemicals. For example, the monoterpenes in Mentha spp. are synthesized and stored in epidermal oil glands of leaves. Mentha cell cultures lack these glands and, as a result, are unable to accumulate high levels of monoterpenes.

In contrast, shoot cultures of Mentha grow on GR free media and accumulate monoterpenes. In some such cases, the secondary metabolites may be released in the medium, where they may be degraded or their synthesis may be regulated by feedback inhibition.

In such cases, it is helpful to remove the biochemicals from the medium just as they are released from cells. This is achieved by adding into the medium a compound, which either adsorbs (e.g., activated charcoal, polyethylene-glycol, XAD-2, XAD-4, XAD-7, etc.), dissolves (e.g., Miglyol) or encapsulates (e.g., β-cyclodextrin) these compounds.

The adsobants

(1) remove even traces of secondary metabolites,

(2) induce or enhance product release into the medium,

(3) protect the biochemical from degradation,

(4) eliminate the risk of feedback inhibition,

(5) reduce the loss due to evaporation of flavours and fragrances, and

(6) simplify the recovery and purification of compounds.

 
 

 
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