Isolation of Subprotoplasts - Subprotoplasts do not contain the entire contents of plant cells and include the following:
(i) cytoplasts lack a nucleus and each contains entire cytoplasm of a cell or a part thereof; these are often used for cybrid production through somatic hybridization (consult next section), and may sometimes also lead to the transfer of a part of the genome;

(ii) karyoplasts or miniprotoplasts contain a nucleus surrounded by some cytoplasm and the original outer plasma membrane;