The
process
is
called
'nick
translation'
because
there
is
a
movement
(translation)
of
the
'nick'
along
the
DNA
duplex
due
to
the
activities
of
E.
coli
DNA
polymerase
I.
The
term
'translation'
in
its
name
does
not
refer
to
the
synthesis
of
proteins.
Nick
translation
can
be
used
with
a
variety
of
labels
to
generate
probes
suitable
for
most
hybridization
applications.
It
has
been
used
to
generate
probes
having
high
enough
specific
activity
to
detect
single
copy
genes
on
Southern
blots
of
mammalian
DNA.
A
much
gentler
method
of
DNA
labelling
is
end
filling;
this
method
can
be
used
with
only
those
DNA
molecules
that
have
5'-protruding
ends.
Klenow
fragment
is
used
to
extend
the
recessed
3'-ends;
this
results
in
the
filling
of
the
single-stranded
ends.
As
in
the
case
of
nick
translation,
one
of
the
nucleotides
used
for
end
filling
is
labelled
with
32p.
Both
end
filling
and
nick
translation
label
DNA
to
such
an
extent
that
even
2
ng
of
DNA
per
band
can
be
visualised
under
ideal
conditions.
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