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Selection of Recombinant Clones - When recombinant DNA is constructed and used for transformation of E. coli, cells following types of bacterial cells are obtained:
(1) majority of the cells are nontransformed,

(2) a proportion of the transformed cells contain unaltered vector, while

(3) the remainder cells have recombinant DNA.

The first objective of cloning experiments is to identify and isolate those small number of cells that contain the recombinant DNA from among a very large number of nontransformed cells.

Since the DNA inserts are generally mixtures, particularly when cDNA preparations and genomic DNA fragments are used, the various transformed clones would contain a variety of different DNA inserts.

The next step, therefore, is to identify the clone having the desired DNA insert from among the large number of clones containing the recombinant DNAs. Suitable selection strategies have been devised to achieve these two critical objectives; this is the most important step in DNA cloning.