Gene Expression in Eukaryotes,Operon System,Gene Regulatiion,SynExpression Groups,InEukaryotic Cells

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Home >>Regulation of Gene Expression - in Prokaryotes >> Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

	Gene Expression in Eukaryotes - Genes in prokaryotes are apparently continuously "turned on" and must be repressed if activity is to be controlled. In general genes of eukaryotes are apparently "turned off" and must be activated. At any time, only 2-15 % of total genes are expressed. It means some sort of regulation is occurring. The operon system of gene regulation has been proved to be inapplicable to eukaryotes. In higher eukaryotes, it does seem very clear that operons are not important, if at all they exist. Although there is evidence for operons or operon like units in lower eukaryotes, they are polygenic and are cleaved to produce monogenic mRNAs.
In eukaryotes, metabolically related genes may be scattered throughout the genome. However, groups of eukaryotic genes involved in the same pathway or function can be induced simultaneously by having common enhancers that respond to the same specific transcription factors. Such a group of genes is called a synexpression group.Moreover,ineukaryotic cells, ompartmentalization is present. The nucleus contains most of the genetic material. The compartmentalization has a consequence for gene expression.
The expression of genes is regulated and the coordinated regulation of sequential pathways of gene expression is primarily responsible for the diversity of cell phenotypes that unfold during the development of a higher plant or animal. Regulatory processes in eukaryotes act, or might act, to control gene expression at various levels. Various potential control points recognized in eukaryotes are regulation at the level of gene structure, initiation of transcription, processing transcript and transport to cytoplasm, and translation of mRNA.

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