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Culture Medium -Theoretically, the medium used for raising a fast growing friable callus should prove suitable for initiating cell suspension cultures of that particular species in a liquid medium. In practice, the requirements for rapidly growing cell suspensions differ from those for tissue or callus cultures.

For example, the culture medium for a tobacco cell suspension requires an Increase in the concentration of 2, 4-D from 0.3 mg 1-1 to 2 mg 1-1, followed by supplementing the callus medium with additional vitamins and casein hydrolysate. Furthermore, the inorganic phosphate is rapidly utilized in actively growing suspension cultures and, consequently, becomes a limiting factor.

Many media have very little buffering capacity and the pH can 'change with an increase in cell biomass. This necessitates monitoring and adjustment of pH in suspension culture. 85 and ER media are specially recommended for suspension culture of higher plants.

In initiating cell cultures at low inoculum density a conditioned medium is used. The principle of conditioning followed by Torres (1989) involves the separation of a high density cell culture from a low density culture medium by a barrier that permits the diffusion of solutes and air.

A high density cell suspension (the nurse culture) kept inside a dialysis tube is suspended by means of a thread or rod in the flask containing the culture medium with low cell density (low density medium). Suspension cultures require constant agitation of the medium for adequate aeration. This also facilitates dispersion of cells. It can be achieved using a shaker and suitable flasks. Orbital or rotary shakers can be used.