Synthesis of DNA By Chemical Method, Biological Synthesis, Chemical Reaction, Gene Machines, DNA Synthesizers, Hydroxyl Terminus, Chemical DNA Synthesis

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	Synthesis of DNA By Chemical Method DNA can be synthesized artificially in a test tube by chemical process instead of using biological synthesis. The process of synthesizing a short stretch of DNA by using a chemical reaction is called as chemical DNA method. Machines that automate the chemical reaction involved in DNA synthesis which can synthesize a single strand. when the sequence and chemicals are provided, are called as gene machines or DNA synthesizers.
A DNA synthesizer consists of a set of valves and pumps that are programmed to introduce specific nucleotides and the reagents required for the coupling of each consecutive nucleotide to the growing chain. Chemical DNA synthesis does not follow the biological direction of DNA synthesis. In the chemical process each incoming DNA is added to the 5 '-hydroxyl terminus of the growing chain. These processes of adding are controlled by computer and are carried in a single reaction vessel that is a column, so that reagents from one reaction step can be readily washed away before the reagents for the next step are added and the reagents can be used in excess to drive the reactions as close as possible to compilation.