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Transgenic Goats - Transgenic goats were successfully produced recently by groups headed by John McPherson and Karl Ebert both in USA. These transgenic goats expressed a heterologous protein (a variant of human tissue type plasminogen activator = LAtPA) in their milk.

This protein is used for dissolving blood clots i.e. for treatment of coronary thrombosis. A cDNA representing LAtPA was linked with either the murine whey acid promoter (WAP) or a, f3 casein promoter in an expression vector and used for injecting early embryos obtained surgically from the oviducts of superovulated dairy goats.

These injected embryos were either immediately transferred to the oviducts of recipient females (surrogate mothers) or cultured for 72 hours (blocked at 8-16 cell stage), before transfer to the uterus of recipient females. Of 29 offspring from 36 recipients, one male and one female contained the transgene.

The transgenic female delivered five offspring, one of which was transgenic showing expression of LAtPA at a low level of few milligrams per litre of milk. In another case of a transgenic goat, few grams of LAtPA per litre of milk could be obtained. At this concentration, the dairy goat may become an economically viable bioreactor for human pharmaceuticals.