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Gene Constructs - Gene transfers into animal cells are done either for producing transgenic cells/animals or for molecular biology investigations. The objectives of studies in molecular biology may be to obtain an understanding of roles of various genes in animal development and the regulation of their action.

Such studies are conveniently performed using Xenopus laevis oocytes as host cells. The approach to carry out genetic analyses using an organism or cell different from that whose genes are being studied is called surrogate genetics.

A transgene must be integrated into the host genome for obtaining transgenic cells/animals, while for molecular biology studies the transgenes are ordinarily present in an extrachromosomal state. But in either case, the transgene must be present in proper orientation in relation to and in association with the various sequences required for its efficient transcription and translation in the host cells.

The various sequences that are needed may be listed as follows:

(1) an efficient promoter/enhancer,

(2) the translation initiation codon (AUG in mRNA, and ATG in DNA),

(3) the chain termination codon(s),

(4) transcription termination sequence, including

(5) polyadenylation cleavage addition site.

In addition, some marker genes have to be used for identification and selection of the transfected cells; such genes are caned reporter genes.

 
 

 
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