Gene Transfer Objectives,Genetic Modification,Gene Farming,Genetic Disease,Homologous Recombination,Molecular Farming

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	Gene Transfer Objectives - 1. Genes have been transferred and expressed into cultured cell lines to obtain the proteins encoded by them. 2. Genetic modification of animals may be aimed at improving their milk, meat, wool, etc. production. 3. Genes have been transferred into animals to obtain a large scale production of the proteins encoded by these genes in the milk, urine or blood of such animals; such animals are often called bioreactors and the approach is referred to as molecular farming or gene farming.
4. A special case of gene transfer aims at alleviating or even eliminating the symptoms and consequent miseries of genetic diseases. In this approach, normal and functional copies of the defective gene (that produced the genetic disease) are introduced into the patient. 5. Finally, specific transgenic animal strains or lines are created to fulfil specialized experimental and/or biomedical needs. A good example of such animals are "knock out" mice strains in which specific genes have been replaced or knocked out by their disrupted counterparts through a process of homologous recombination.