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Transfection Methods - Several approaches have been used for the introduction of DNA into animal cells/embryos, which are listed, as follows:
(i) calcium phosphate precipitation,
(ii) direct micro injection,
(iii) retrovirus infection,
(iv) lipofection,
(v) particle gun delivery and
(vi) electroporation.
In addition, transgenic mice are readily produced by the technique of embryonic stem (ES) cell transfer; this is the only approach, which permits targetted gene transfers.