Advantages of Chloroplast Transformation -

1. There is no risk of the transgene being transmitted through pollen to plants.

2. Transgenes integrated into the chloroplast genome show very high levels of expression (up to 40% of the soluble protein in the cell may be the recombinant protein).

3. The transgene expression is not affected by gene silencing.

4. Chloroplasts are better able to express bacterial genes than are nuclei. 5. The very high level of transgene expression ensures a high level of mortality of the pest organism.