| Gene / Operon |
Function |
| T-DNA |
|
| iaaM (auxl. tmsl)* |
Auxin biosynthesis; encodes enzyme tryptophan-2-mono-oxygenase, which converts tryptophan into indole-3-acetamide (IAM). |
| iaaH (aux2. tms2) |
Auxin biosynthesis; encodes enzyme indole-3-acetamide hydrolase, which converts IAM into IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) |
| ipt (tmr, Cyt) |
Cytokinin biosynthesis; encodes enzyme isopentenyl transferase, which catalyzes the formation of isopentenyl adenine |
| nos |
Nopaline biosynthesis; encodes the enzyme nopaline synthase which produces nopaline from arginine and pyruvic acid |
| 24 bp left and right border sequences |
Site of endonuclease action during T-DNA transfer; the only sequences of T-DNA essential for its transfer |
| vir Region** |
|
| virA (1)+ |
Encodes a receptor for acetosyringone that functions as an autokinase; also phosphorylates VirG protein; constitutive expression |
| virB (11) |
Membrane proteins; possibly form a channel for T-DNA transport (conjugal tube formation); VirB11 has ATPase activity |
| virC (2) |
Helicase; binds to the overdrive region just outside the right border; involved in unwinding of T-DNA |
| virD (4) |
VirD1 has topoisomerase activity; it binds to the right border of T-DNA; VirD2 is an endonuclease; it nicks the right border |
| virE (2) |
Single-strand binding proteins (SSBP); bind to T-DNA during its transfer. |
| virF (1) |
Not well understood |
| virG (1) |
DNA binding protein; probably forms dimer after phosphorylation by VirA, and induces the expression of all vir operons; constitutive expression |
| virH (2) |
Not well known |
