Microinjection - In case of microinjection, the DNA solution is injected directly inside the cell using capillary glass micropipettes with the help of micromanipulators of a microinjection assembly. It IS easier to use protoplasts than cells since cell wall interferes with the process of microinjection.

The protoplasts are usually immobilized in agarose or on glass coated with poly lysine or by holding them under suction by a micropipette. The process of microinjection is technically demanding and time-consuming; a maximum of 40-50 protoplasts can be microinjected in one hour.