Sewage Treatment Using Microbial Systems - Degradation of Sewage,Starter Cultures,DDT,Polychlorinated Diphenols,Phenols

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	Sewage Treatment Using Microbial Systems - Degradation of Sewage - The role of microorganisms in the decomposition of sewage and other waste materials has long been recognized. Conventional sewage treatment involves the use of microorganisms, which develop naturally within the sewage treatment system. In some newer approaches, however, the sewage is inoculated with a specific microorganism, which has been specially selected for that particular sewage treatment process. Such organisms might be called 'starter cultures'. The use of starter cultures increases the efficiency of sewage degradation. Following arc some of the examples of sewage treatment by using starter cultures:
(i) Bacteria have been developed, which degrade alkanes and aromatic compounds at 0-15°C, in saline habitats. These could be useful in the degradation of oil spills in the ocean. (ii) Starter cultures of mixed microorganisms are available, which metabolize DDT and polychlorinated diphenols or phenols and which possess high protease, lipase or cellulase activity. (iii) Starter cultures have also been used to deodorise animal excrements. (iv)A strain of Pseudomonas putida containing plasmids has been developed, which can degrade octane, xylene, metaxylene and camphor (see later for more details).
The degradation of sewage by microorganisms requires large amount of oxygen, so that in order to provide room for oxygen most sewage treatment plants are bulky. For improving the efficiency, tubular loop reactors and air lift fermenters have been developed. They both have better oxygen transfer efficiency. Aeration by pure oxygen has also been tried in U.S.A. and West Germany. Commercial sewage treatment plants that use pure oxygen, are marketed by several companies.

Use Of Microbes in Industry and Agriculture Part 2
Production of Antibiotics by Microorganisms
Some Microorganism and Antibiotics Produced by Them
Procedure OR Steps for Commercial Production of Antibiotics
Composition of Fermentation Medium for the Production of Penicillin
Microbial Transformations
Transformations of Steroids and Sterols
Transformation of Sorbitol to Sorbose
Transformation of Antibiotics
Single Cell Protein (SCP) from Microorganisms
Single Cell Proteins - SCP Process
Sewage Treatment Using Microbial Systems - Degradation of Sewage